MariaDB installをaptとtarballで使い分ける｜Linuxディストリビューション別セットアップ手順

この記事のポイント

・apt/dnfは手軽で自動更新が効く。tarballはバージョン固定・柔軟性が強み
・Ubuntuは公式MariaDBリポジトリを追加してaptでインストールするのが標準
・Rocky Linux（RHEL系）はAppStream版を無効にしてから公式リポジトリのdnfを使う
・tarball展開後はmysqlユーザー作成とsystemdユニットファイルの登録が必要

# MariaDB 11.4 LTSのリポジトリを追加（Ubuntu / Rocky Linux 共通）
curl -LsS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup   | sudo bash -s -- --mariadb-server-version="mariadb-11.4"

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y mariadb-server

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  galera-4 libdbd-mysql-perl libmariadb3 mariadb-client mariadb-client-core
  mariadb-server mariadb-server-core
0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
...
Setting up mariadb-server (1:11.4.4+maria~ubu2404) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service
  -> /lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.

[db01@ubuntu24 ~]$ sudo systemctl status mariadb
* mariadb.service - MariaDB 11.4.4 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2026-10-09 10:12:44 JST; 23s ago
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
   Main PID: 28341 (mariadbd)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."

# AppStream 版のモジュールを無効化してから公式リポジトリ版を導入する
sudo dnf module disable mariadb -y
sudo dnf install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client

[root@db02 ~]# sudo dnf install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client
MariaDB Server                       4.2 MB/s |  31 MB     00:07
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                Arch    Version               Repository           Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 MariaDB-client         x86_64  11.4.4-1.el9           mariadb-main        14 M
 MariaDB-server         x86_64  11.4.4-1.el9           mariadb-main        28 M
...
Installed:
  MariaDB-client-11.4.4-1.el9.x86_64    MariaDB-server-11.4.4-1.el9.x86_64
Complete!

# サービス起動と自動起動設定（Rocky Linux はデフォルトで preset: disabled）
sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb
sudo systemctl status mariadb

* mariadb.service - MariaDB 11.4.4 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2026-10-09 10:31:18 JST; 5s ago
   Main PID: 14921 (mariadbd)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."

# /usr/local 配下に展開してシンボリックリンクを貼る
cd /usr/local
sudo tar -xzf /tmp/mariadb-11.4.4-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz
sudo ln -s mariadb-11.4.4-linux-systemd-x86_64 mysql

sudo groupadd mysql
sudo useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql /var/log/mysql /run/mysqld
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/log/mysql /run/mysqld /usr/local/mysql

sudo /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mariadb-install-db   --user=mysql   --datadir=/var/lib/mysql   --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

sudo cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/systemd/mariadb.service         /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb

[root@db03 ~]# sudo systemctl status mariadb
* mariadb.service - MariaDB Database Server
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2026-10-09 11:05:22 JST; 8s ago
   Main PID: 22147 (mariadbd)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."

sudo mariadb-secure-installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!

Enter current password for root (enter for none): [Enter]

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n
Change the root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

[db01@ubuntu24 ~]$ sudo mariadb -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 11.4.4-MariaDB MariaDB Server

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT VERSION();
+--------------------+
| VERSION()          |
+--------------------+
| 11.4.4-MariaDB     |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)